Signal Processing
Signal processing is generally an electronics subject. Students of electrical engineering, applied electronics engineering and communication engineering deals with this subject called signal processing. Applied mathematics students also deals with this subject. Signal processing is the study of operation of different electrical signals. To study this subject, time has been divided into two parts. They are continuous and discrete. So we can see that signal processing is the operation of various signals in discrete or continuous time. Signals can be of many aspects such as images, sound, time varying measurement value signal, sensor data signals and many more. Signals are mainly of two types- analog and digital. Signals are used in biological purposes too. For example, electrocardiograms generate signals which are helpful for the doctors to treat heart patients. Telecommunication signals are also studied under signal processing. For example, railway tracks receive signals from transmission lines.
The analog and digital signals are the representation of time varying or spatial varying quantities. This subject is very much important for the students and the students should have a clear idea about this subject. Signal processing is a very interesting subject and is the basic step for an electrical or electronics engineering student. If the student has no concept about this subject then he has to face many problems in his career. There are many applications of signal processing. Equalizers and tone controls precisely known as filtering I one of its application. In computer monitors, pattern recognition is another example. Some of its applications are smoothing which improves an image, digitization such as image coding and source coding, modulation in modems and transmitters and receivers, feature extraction and many more. Modern technical world is based upon these signals. The prediction texts which are present in cell phones are also one of the applications of signal processing. So we can see that signal processing has a wide range of use in today’s world.
To study signal processing one should have a clear knowledge about mathematics. In mathematics, chapters like calculus, differential equations, vector space, linear algebra, functions, probability, estimation theory and optimization should be clear to the students. Numerical and iterative methods which include Simpson’s one third rule, bisection method and trapezoidal rule should be known to a student before studying signal processing.
As mentioned earlier, signals are of two types- analog and digital, analog signal processing deals with radio, television, radar and telephone system and many more. The signals which are not digitized is known as analog signal. These analog signals include active filters, additive mixers, active filters and integrators and in non linear circuits, voltage controlled filters, oscillators, multiplicators are used. Digital signals are mainly used in computers and the signals are digitized.
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